Presences of Others Essay Example for Free

Presences of Others Essay It is shown that people have the tendency to perform better when in a group this is called social facilitation. There have been other studies done contradicting this and with more difficult experiments it actually hurts a person’s performance in a group. As Zajonc stated; a state of arousal is linked to performance without the presence of others. When an individuals is faced with a more difficult task it may lower that persons self esteem and then lead to that person not performing at his or her best. Most people are afraid of being judged and this will affect all of our normal everyday behaviors due to a low self esteem issues. Now with simple tasks a person’s performance can be a positive and a stimulating experience allowing a person to perform better and set higher goals for themselves and have higher self esteem. I am a person who can identify with these, in starting school a few years back I was very intimidated and self conscious about being in a class room with people I did not know. I watched everything I said or did and did not want to even raise my hand because I did not want to be embarrassed if I answered incorrectly or sounded stupid. At first in my class I did not perform very well with the group, but as I got to know everyone my positivity started coming out and I was able to benefit with being in a group and excelled. The article I read in the Journal of Social Psychology was about a widely accepted finding that in social psychology, that the mere presence of others reduces anxiety. Based on Wrightsman’s widely accepted findings, that his study which he originally demonstrated that the reduction of anxiety is less in the presence of others (at least firstborns). Though Epley raised some questions on the methodology of Wrightsman’s study and about the real reason there was an anxiety reduction, Epley stated that it was probably due to the distractions or social comparison and not just the  presence of others. I believe that depending on the situation the group may be in. I also found that also it depends on the situation and task at hand that a group is in and if the conditions are peaceful or hectic. The next article I read stated that the presence and type of situation and the connection between the two with the presence of an audience and how they react to the performance. Partic ipants were performing various tasks both in group settings and alone. In group settings word association was better performed compared to problem solving tasks which were more successful while performed alone. It all depends on the task at hand and in what situation the task is being performed in and under what conditions. Reference Journal of Social Psychology. Aug1978, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p301. 2p.

Bob Dylan Essay -- essays research papers

Regarding significant musical movements in history, more specifically the twenty first century, few were more important than the folk revolution that took shape in the mid-nineteen hundreds. One of the leaders of this revolution was Robert Allen Zimmerman, known by his popular assumed name, Bob Dylan. Born in 1941 in Minnesota, Dylan grew up the grandchild of Jewish-Russian immigrants and had a surprisingly unexceptional childhood. His interest in music became evident in his high school years when he taught himself basic piano and guitar. From these rudimentary skills Dylan would build his knowledge and experience in music to his present status as a forefather of folk music in the rock era. Accordingly, a song from the pinnacle of his career embodies his style and poetic capabilities, acting as a reference point of the music it followed and the music that was to come. Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowland is an unmistakably remarkable example of the work of Bob Dylan in his finest hour. To fully understand the influence of Bob Dylan on the American folk revolution and his importance in the pop culture of today’s youth, one must first understand his background and development musically. First of all Bob Dylan was born in Minnesota, not a particular hub of musical activity. Author Bob Spitz makes a good point concerning Dylan’s birthplace. History has taught us that no matter how we change the environment it is impossible to change the man...After all, anybody is as their land and air is....If that is so, it is no wonder that Bob Dylan became such a luminous amalgam of showmanship and aloofness, spirituality and desolation, eloquence and exaggeration, individuality and schizophrenia. These seesawing extremes, among others, are indigenous to the historical landscape of northern Minnesota. (Spitz 9) For others this might have been a setback but for Dylan it was the perfect environment to nurture his interests, in music specifically. At the age of ten he was writing poems and by thirteen was setting them to music with self-taught piano and guitar skills. Dylan’s interest in music continued to climb as he entered Hibbing High School. During his high school years Dylan would become involved in musical productions and attempt forming many bands with such names as the Golden Chords and Elston Gunn and His Rock Bop... ...calls streetcar visions, a direct reference to Tennessee Williams play â€Å"A Street Car Called Desire.† The symbolism continues throughout the song and is accompanied with music that, while not the best of his career, still defined the American folk sound. The music is acoustic once again after he made a brief stint recording with bands and electric guitars. The melody is simple and flows throughout the piece’s seven minute length. There is minimal background accompaniment but what does exist advances the rhythm of the song. Truly it is Dylan’s voice that is the essence of the song. His raspy, nasal sound gives the song character that it definitely would not have minus his vocals. The best information I can provide someone who is interested in the work of Dylan is to get any of his early albums and listen to what today’s music started as. The folk movement of the late nineteen fifties and early sixties was led by a man who overcame a humble upbringing and, through hard work, created for himself the life he desired to live. His music is revered as classic and at the same time historical. His song, â€Å"Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands†, is a testament to that.

Energy Cooperative Essay

There are over 400,000 members worldwide that pay annual dues. They receive a very small fee for being web based providing their votes and input. The problem ethically is how much are they getting paid, what information are they researching to help the organization, why are they web based, and where does all the money go that is paid by members? John Locke’s theory of rights would ask the question â€Å"Is this organization giving the members their rights? (2012) eguide LS312 Chapter 1. Meaning do the members know where their money is going and do they know their rights and are their rights being broken? Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative theory would ask this nonprofit organization if their intentions are in the right place. The article states that the organization exists because they want to help energy plants and educate about energy, but again, where are the profits going, and what are their real intentions. (2012) eguide LS312 Chapter 1. In Jeremy Betham and john Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism, I as a member of the board would ask, if the good outweighs the bad. I personally think in any situation, even if the good does outweigh the bad, all efforts should focus on having all good intentions. (2012) eguide LS312 Chapter 1. If I as a board member used John Rawls theory of justice I would worry about each individual’s rights. The utilitarianism theory would recommend one person losing their job in order to save ten jobs but on the other hand, the justice theory would say no, that one individual was treated unethically. Lawrence Kohlberg developed three levels of moral development. Level 1. Pre-Conventional 1.Seeking rewards 2.Reaction to punishment Level 2. Conventional 3.Law and Order 4.Good Boy/Girl Level 3. Post Conventional 5. Social Contract 6. Universal Ethical Priciples I would use Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory as a guide to see at which development level others are at. Each of these levels consist with the age of a child with level 1 being an infant. So all of these theories could be used in order to see if a company is running ethically or not, and I wouldn’t just use one theory.

Harry Frankfurt

Harry Frankfurt defined the principle of alternate possibilities ( PAP ): A person is morally responsible for his actions if he couldn t have done otherwise . And he argued as follows 1) ( PAP) is true 2) determinism : every event must be the way it is and we couldn t do otherwise is also true Conclusion: ( PAP ) and determinism are not compatible This argument is a valid argument but it is not a sound one because the author doesnot agree with the conclusion of the argument and since it is a valid argument so he decides that one of the premises is false and doubts the first premise . By giving us an example he will try to convince us that the (PAP) is false . He states that Jones does action (A) and that Black is some kind of manipulator that has the ability to manipulate Jones so he can inhibit Jones from performing actions other than (A) without Jones knowing that black exists . Black will manipulate only if Jones is going to decide to do otherwise , so we conclude that Jones couldn t have done otherwise because of Black , nevertheless Jones is morally responsible for action (A) because he did all on his own without the interference of Black. This example contradicts with definition of (PAP) . because jones is morally responsible even though he couldn t have done otherwise. Moreover I think it is wise to add an argument here : 1)Jones is morally responsible for his action (A) )Jones couldn t have done otherwise ( in other words his actions are determined ) We conclude that moral responsibility is compatible with determinisim . One thing that I noticed from the example is that black s duty or job is to block or inhibit jones choices of actions other than action (A) . therefore the author admits that there are other choices of actions ( possible alternatives ) than action (A) , so possible alternatives is true but we have to find the right definition and appli cation for it . Words : 356?

Essay about Fast Food

Essay about Fast Food Essay about Fast Food Asthma, eczema and hay fever may be linked to fast food[-0] Teenagers and young children who eat fast food could be increasing their risk of developing asthma, eczema and hay fever[-1], according to a study published Monday in the British Medical Journal's respiratory journal Thorax[-2]. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood [-3](ISAAC) study used written questionnaires completed by 319,196 13- and 14-year-olds from 51 countries and by the parents of 181,631 6- and 7-year-olds in 31 countries. They were asked if they had symptoms of the three conditions and about their weekly diet - including the types of foods they ate over the last year, and how often. "We found clear associations between certain foods and severe asthma, hay fever (or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) and eczema [-4]in the largest study of allergies in children (aged 6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years) to date," said study author Hywel Williams of the Centre for Evidence Based Dermatology[-5], Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. According to Williams, the associations between allergic diseases and fast food were "only really convincing for severe disease." Researchers saw a protective effect against severe asthma for those who ate fruit at least three times a week. Those consuming fast food three or more times a week had about a 30% increased risk of severe asthma, hay fever and eczema, a chronic skin condition that causes scaly, itchy rashes. The results were consistent in both age groups. Affluence and gender did not change or affect the outcome. "The cautionary notes are that this study showed an association, which does not always mean that the link between food and allergies is causal," Williams said. "It could be due to other factors linked to behavior that we have not measured, or it could be due to biases that occur in studies that measure disease and ask about previous food intake." Study authors say if further research shows that consuming a lot of fast food actually does cause these types of allergies, it could have major public health implications because of the rise in fast food consumption globally. "It's not at all surprising to me that a disease as complex as asthma would be directly affected by diet. We've known for a while that diet can affect immune system function with certain foods being pro or anti-inflammatory," says Dr. Stephen Teach, who is the chief of the Division of Allergy and Immunology at Children's National Medical

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Power of Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Power of Media - Essay Example Contrary to public perception, â€Å"convergence culture† is not limited to only participating in online voting or phoning in your votes for the latest talent competition on television. Although it is true that the activity is all-inclusive, it does not signify a convergence of any cultural sort. Rather, a mass protest rally in front of an embassy, declaring sentiments against a popular problem or plan of action could be more considered as an example of â€Å"convergence culture†. â€Å"Convergence culture† is the modern way by which our society is being shaped by a new generation of movers and thinkers. While we used to be a culture defined by what the powers that be in mass media such as radio and television say we should be, now we find that people have the actual ability to buck at such dictates already. Instead, people are dictating who they are and what they will be with the help of modern digital communication gadgets. Cellular phones now allow for mass sh aring of information between people faster than a television or news broadcast. Everything these days happens in real time, with various people sharing their experiences across the world by simply a point, click, and send on their phones, laptops, and other portable media devices. In such instances, this collective sharing of events, although depicting various points of view, all dictate the definition of what â€Å"convergence culture† is all about. Basically, â€Å"convergence culture† is not bound by the same restrictions that normal media practitioners must adhere to. Fan fiction writing and blogging are some examples of a method by which people continue to promote ideas and items that they have come to know and love but without the manipulative hand of the owners of the product. An act which, although frowned upon by most media big wigs, has proven to be the new way through which promotional activities can actually gain a longer life span that could oftentimes, su rpass the lifetime of the product or movie being promoted as well. It is because of this emerging power of the new digital media technology that the old guards, the newspaper and book publishers, the movie producers, and they're like, are all in a quandary as to how to position themselves in this new era of promotional activity and news sharing. You see, as Jenkins claimed in his paper, When people take media into their own hands, the results can be wonderfully creative; they can also be bad news for all involved. (par. 39). We have seen the ways through which the regular news sources have become all but obsolete in our modern world. The troubles in the Middle East that escalated in momentum and action this year alone showed that Twitter and Facebook are far more effective information dissemination tools when it comes to news reporting.