Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Protection - Research Paper Example Therefore, the legislature has restricted angling and vacationer exercises in this area, subsequently. Unfortunately, this awesome element has as of late go under danger from the least anticipated source: the legislature. While a contention is being fronted to legitimize the government’s choice, moderates feel in any case. This paper tries to feature the current state, including realities, about the Great Barrier Reef. Further, the means taken by different bodies, remembering the administration for forestalling harm to this immeasurably significant propensity will be given. To put it plainly, this paper furnishes a portion of the highlights related with the Great Barrier Reef, dangers it faces and the best endeavors to spare the natural surroundings. Directly from the beginning, genuine measurements shows that Australia has near one million animal categories, which remembers 80% of the vertebrates for the world, and a further 90% of reptiles. Unfortunately, its positioning concerning the most imperiled creatures is disturbing as it is as of now positioned first (Seay, 2013). Underneath it is an assorted variety and plenitude of shapes, hues and sizes. For example, there is a similarity to delicate and hard corals; yearly movement of whales, settling turtles and coral bringing forth happens every year. Also, the prestigious Cod Hole found on the Lizard Island is really a significant purpose behind vacationers to visit Australia. A portion of these creatures have the Great Barrier Reef as their environment meaning the district should be a profoundly moderated place. As of now having in excess of 2,900 reefs, 900 islands and covering a territory of 1400 miles, this area found on the beach front side of Queensland, offers life to various creatures in Australia. Also, Great Barrier Reef offers an extraordinary asset for logical exploration with researcher visiting the territory to lead significant tests. Moreover, the Sea dairy animals, regularly known as dugong and the green turtles are just found here, and face elimination

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and Essay

What are the key likenesses and contrasts among neorealism and neoliberalism - Essay Example The discussion inside the length of this paper is to set up the fundamental contrasts that exist among neorealism and neoliberalism, discover the mutual presumptions that exist between the two speculations and finally pinpoint the issues that have been left unchallenged by both the neorealism and the neoliberalism bases. The pretended by both neorealists and neoliberalists just as the adversaries of similar speculations have likewise been featured during the length of this paper. Along these lines in all embodiment, a profound and sharp look has been given to the two speculations close by and each exertion is perhaps made to build up a connection with each other’s attributes and qualities. All in all, a huge establishment has been talked about concerning the two hypotheses and the discovering that has been presented by the individual hypothesis within reach. A hypothesis of global relations †neorealism is additionally known by the name of auxiliary authenticity. It was begat by Kenneth Waltz in the year 1979 in his popular book ‘Theory of International Politics’ where his reason was on the side of having a worldwide structure which could go about as a controlling power on the practices of the state. This was regarded critical on the grounds that the states which included their results inside the normal range could advance and make due in the related middle. Accordingly neorealism can undoubtedly be commented as a comparative framework to the microeconomic model which utilizes associations setting cost and amount conditions on the structure of the market. Neorealism hopes to investigate the old style pragmatist considering belief system E H Carr, Niebuhr and Morgenthau. Neorealism has been presented by the consolidation of American political theory spaces. It needs a connection with the unequivocally connected and decide dly slanted sociology. (Gilbert, 1999) On the other hand, neoliberalism envelops a political development that incorporates inside it the financial progressivism. What this monetary

About Iran

About Iran Iran Home›Economics Posts›Iran Economics PostsTheoriesAs the proponents of the Neoclassical counterrevolution theory postulate the chaotic situation in developing countries is a product of poor government plans and polices. These countries have so many bad polices that are the foundation of their problems.   Indeed, this is totally evident in Iran. The Neoclassical counterrevolution theory can clearly explain why despite Iran being one of the largest producer of the most valuable source of energy in the world, “the Black Gold” experience gross economic development setback and is still underdeveloped compared to other oil producers in the middle east. Iran is still a third world country. As Verdinejad (2010) observes the government policy has not at all facilitated the country to improve its economic health and eliminate poverty using its lucrative resource. Instead, the policy enabled a few individual to increase their wealth at the expense of the nation.Such policies includ e the policies to fund military activities and privatization of government enterprises and oil resource without regard to wealth creation and realization of social justice. However, as Shohanoushi et al (2008) report, not all government policies have had such devastating impact on economic development. In their study of the effects of fiscal policies and government monetary on social and economic duality in Iran Shohanoushi et al (2008) despite noting that these has not been economic and effective with handling duality the advised that continued implementation of the current policies would finally help eliminate duality. The problems that can be attributed to these failures include poverty, continued neocolonialism and inequalities.Iran also had an experience of ‘big Push.’ This came about after Iran made a lot of oil money after selling oil to the western countries following an increase in the demand of oil in these countries. The big push theory concerns investment directly in to development, and Iran did exactly this using the new found oil boom (Keshavarzian, 131). This approach of investment encourages investment within the county rather than in internal and external financial markets. However, the government failed to appreciate the fact that it lacked the basic infrastructure for such a move. Moreover the country did not have enough skilled labor to work on the development initiatives. Ironically, the president and his advisors thought they would use the money to quickly build infrastructure and also import skilled manpower.The move which saw the government abandon its fifth development plan severely inflated social and economic costs in the country (Avery et al, 633). At the close of the fifth plan scheduled period no new industry hand been completed and likewise most projects that had been started at the close of the fourth plan period had stalled. The country’s private sector also suffered the same consequences. Most investors targeted and scram bled for most profitable ventures. Some increased their activities as well as diversified into new investment fields. There was also an increase in the number of small businesses due to increased funding from local banks and foreigners who were keen not to miss a share of the Iranian market. The adoption of the big push seems to have had both negative and positive impacts on the nation.Standards of livingGeneral discussionA standard of living is the extent of material comfort determined by the amount of services, goods and luxuries that are available to a nation, a community or an individual. It may also be referred to as the extent of material comfort that an individual or community strives to realize. This may range from privately purchased or acquired goods to good that are collectively utilized and services such are those obtained from public utilities and those provided by the government. In a nut shell it is the degree of prosperity for an individual, nation or community. The standard of living established for a group or a country ought to be critically evaluated to decipher its constituent values. If there is an increase in its mean, yet the rich become richer while the poor become poorer over the same period, the whole group under observation is not collectively better-off.There is an array of quantitative indicators which can be used as measuring parameters to quantify the living standards. These include access to nutritious food, general life expectancy, accesses to clean water, standards of education, availability of educational opportunities, housing, communication, transport, salaries, access to medical care and others. The most common indicator used to measure the overall standards of living if the Gross Domestic product (GDP). This is best used to measure the standards of living in a country and can further be used to compare the standards of living between two countries. For instance, the following are indicator showing the standards of living in the United States of America:Standards of living in my countryAs opposed the United State of America above the living standards in my country (Iran) are lower.   First it is worth noting that the US is a developed nation while Iran a thirds world country yet to attain any meaningful development. In this regards it is obvious that the Gross Domestic product of the united stated of America is higher than that of Iran. In recent time the low living standards in the country have been cited as the course of worker strikes (Zadeh, 2011).  The countries GDP currently stands at 31.3%InequalityGeneral discussionInequality is the condition of two or more things being unequal, or having disparities. Inequalities in human population are highly influences by class or poverty, gender, racial ethnicity or religious groups. People find themselves marginalized due to lack or procession of one or some of the characteristics above. In most parts of the world, inequality is the order of the day. Th ere are extreme disparities between the rich and the poor, men and women as well as people from different religions.   In America despite the belief that the country’s economic system provides opportunities for all, there are extreme disparities in the country. Some parts of the country still experience high levels of poverty. This poverty is racially inclined since there is a large number of African-American and Hispanics living below poverty as compared to the whites. Some of those believe to be above the poverty line sometimes have to forego some needs to pay for others, amazingly some skip meals. The nations resources are misappropriated such that one fifth of the richest people in the country take home 47.2% of the country’s total income. Conversely, the poorest one fifth can only manage 4.2% of the total income, while the poorest 40% take home 14% only (U.S. Department of State, 2011). The situation is the same and even worse in other parts of the world. In some places rac ial and religious difference greatly influence people access to various utilities, education, health care and others.Disparities in IranThe level of inequality in Iran has been on the increase in recent times.   The gap between the rich is always increasing when it is not stagnated. As result the disparities in incomes and wealth between the poor and the rich is always on the increase. Also the disparities in the country seem to be based on the ethnicity of individuals in the country. As Torof Aziz (n.d) points out a look language, literature, religion, folklore and customs of Iranian clearly points out cultural inequalities. Torof Aziz (n.d) further reports existence of economically and social disparities which he attributes to divisive and divisive policies that were adopted by former prime minister Shah, who used them to ensure that some citizens do not realize their full potential.Population Growth IssuesGeneral discussionWorldwide population is a critical issue that has linge red on the tongues of planners, economist, ecologists and others. Human population is increasing at an alarming rate especially in the developing countries. The impact of population have been felt by both genders worldwide, however, as it is always the case, women bare the greatest brute of population increase. For instance more than one woman passes away each minute each day totaling to 585, 000 women every day. A large number of women also suffer injuries and death as a result of violence, genital mutilation diseases and accident. Population increase is always attributed to the fertility of women which is in turn influenced be the economic standing of a woman, empowerment and education. Evidently, a large number of women compared to men lack them. China leads in terms of population growth and equally in terms of environmental degradation resulting from overpopulation. General, basic family planning education for women would go a long way in reducing the rate of population growth. In the United States of America population seem to be stabilizing. Data recorded in 2005 indicates that the country has a population of 299.8 million people and population density of about 0.03113, pop/sq km the urban population of 80.8%, an annual population growth of 1% and a fertility rate of 2 births per woman (UNDP, 2010).In IranRecent statics collected in 2006 indicate that 60% of the Iranian population is made up of young people bellow the age of 30 years. This population has come to be what it is in 20 years. The country has also experienced a drop in the rate of women fertility.   The fertility has greatly declined from 6 births per woman in the 70s to 2 births per woman in 2006. It is also amazing this decline has not only been felt in the urban areas but also in the rural areas (Roudi, 2011).Human capital IssuesGeneral DiscussionHuman capital is a critical fact for economic and social development in any country. Human capital can be defined as the collective competencies, personal attributes, and knowledge that affects or determines a person’s ability flourish, labor and bear economic value. It is a very critical aspect of education, training and health. Education and training ensure that an individual is equipped with the necessary skill to function properly or serve a particular purpose. Most government and organization in the world heavily invest in educating the citizens as well as training them to ensure that the country has a steady stream of skilled human capital. On the other hand, people need to be healthy order to work properly. It is therefore not surprising that many nations heavily invest in the health of their citizens’. In the US, human capital is considered a critical aspect for socio-economic well being. In fact, the Governments Accountability Office, in 2001, included “Strategic Human Capital Management,” on its high risk area list. Poor long term planning for critical positions has always been an obstacle to realization of consistency. The absence of result oriented culture in the health care departed has been one of the grates obstacles to the realization of consistency, although the problem is not limited to this department alon. In IranJust like America, Iran faces several challenges when it comes to development and improvement of human capital. The first notable challenge is educational challenge. Education and training are critical factors for development of a skilled human capital base yet Iran like fellow third world countries faces numerous challenges when it comes to providing education to its citizens (Moghaddam et al, 2008). Similarly, Iran faces healthcare issues similar to those faced by developing countries. In the long run Iran, like her fellow third world countries has to occasional depend on the services of expatriates to boot her human capital abilities.Physical Infrastructure (physical capital investment) issuesGeneral DiscussionPhysical infrastructure consists of tangible infrastr ucture items such as communication and transport networks. Physical infrastructure is developed through capital investments. The infrastructure is important for the socio-economic development of the country since it enables the country mobility of other factors of development. According to United States General Accounting Office (2001) a nation’s physical infrastructure is made up of a wide collection of facilities and systems which hot and move people and goods and grant services. This may include federal buildings, airports, roads, housing, rail, telecommunication and postal service. Developed countries like the US have well developed physical infrastructure while the opposite is the case for developing countries.In IranIran being a third world country certainly has a long way to go before she can boost of well developed infrastructure. The country is characterized by limited physical investment. The underdevelopment of infrastructure is certainly a product of past poor capital investment priorities such as the big push of the 1970s.Urbanization/Rural Development/ Migration/Informal Economy IssuesGeneral discussionIn many places in the world, there are disparities between urbanization and rural development. Most of the development is concentrated in the urban centers, a factor that encourages people to migrate from rural areas to urban center seeking to benefit from the economic development on the cities through acquisition of jobs. Sometime, the migration surpasses the infrastructure in the cities such as housing facilities leading to development of informal settlement popularly known as slums. Evidently, developed countries have a large number of urbanized populations than developing onesIn IranAccording to Aminmansour (2007) Iran urbanization is uneven. The rate of urbanization is about 1.9% annual. About 71% of the population is urbanized. The government of Iran also emphasizes rural development and has developed polices as well as initiated developmen t project aimed at realizing rural development (Shakoori, 2001). Most of these projects are agricultural in nature.   Despite all this efforts the rate of rural-urban migration remains high.Environmental problems impact of global warming on your countryGeneral DiscussionEnvironmental problems and global warming are modern day natural problems that are threatening the continued existence of humanity in the world. There are numerous environmental problem most of them brought about by human activities while a few are products of natural phenomenon. Global warming on the other hand is the ongoing increase in the atmospheric temperatures brought about by increased green house effect. The increase in the greenhouse effect is a product of increased emission of greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by humans.In IranLike it is in most countries the common environmental issues in Iran include motor vehicle emission especially in the urban areas, poor air quality due to industrial effluents, and emissions from refinery activities. Leaded fuel is commonly used yet most vehicles have nor emissions control facilities. However, the country has several initiatives in the pipeline aimed at dealing away with the environmental problems.   The country is also a signatory to various international environmental protocol and agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol.Financial crisis affecting your countryGeneral DiscussionThe global financial crisis was characterized by a worldwide economic meltdown that saw many countries around the world experience reduced economic activities.   Financial crises of this nature are normally detrimental especially on transitional and developing economies such as that of    IranIran perspectiveIran like the rest of the world economies was neither spare by the financial meltdown. The country had to put up with reduced economic avidities. There was reduced rate of exports thus resulting in reduced national income.Economic theory of developmentGeneral discussionThe Neoclassical counterrevolution theory postulate the chaotic situation in developing countries is a product of poor government plans and polices. These countries have so many bad polices that are the foundation of their problems.Neoclassical counterrevolution and Iran economic developmentIndeed, this is totally evident in Iran. The Neoclassical counterrevolution theory can clearly explain why despite Iran being one of the largest producer of the most valuable source of energy in the world, “the Black Gold” experience gross economic development setback and is still underdeveloped compared to other oil producers in the middle east. Iran is still a third world country. As Verdinejad (2010) observes the government policy has not at all facilitated the country to improve its economic health and eliminate poverty using its lucrative resource. Instead, the policy enabled a few individual to increase their wealth at the expense of the nation. Such polici es include the policies to fund military activities and privatization of government enterprises and oil resource without regard to wealth creation and realization of social justice. Problems that can be attributed to these failures include poverty, continued neocolonialism and inequalities.CorruptionGeneral discussionCorruption is the misuse of authority or ones position with an aim of making personal selfish goals. Corruption is common in many places in the world especial in the developing countries where it has virtually paralyzed all the activities of the countries. A lot of tax payers’ money has also been swindled from government treasury. However, there are countries that have tried to fight corruption worldwide.Iran perspectiveCorruption level in Iran is on the decline. The level had been high due to mismanagement of funds. Evidently most of the Iranians associate their current economic quagmire with various regimes that openly engaged in corrupt activities. Reformist’s re gimes have however tried to reduce the level of corruption which provides an explanation concerning the declining corruption in the country.crimeGeneral DiscussionCrime is the contravening of rules, laws or regulations stipulated by a given authority. Around the world crime is a common thing. Criminal engage in crime to benefit from material things such as stolen property or money. Different areas are also characterized by different crimes.Crime in IranIran experiences a range of crimes ranging from Drug traffic, human trafficking, oil smuggling, terrorism and alcohol smuggling. Drug trafficking is however the greatest crime in the country. The drug traffickers use the country as a transshipment point for originating for Southern parts of Asia such as heroin which is on transit to Europe.

Sfffddsfd - 2855 Words

Report on†¦. â€Å"Xeltronics Group† Prepared For: Prepared By Group Five: Marketing amp; Sales- Michael Biton Production- Abdulla Al Mamun Ramp;D – Agnieszka Somszor Finance amp; Investments- Lena Blayo VISION: To be the price leader in high-tech industry and to increase the value of our company. MISSION STATEMENT: To deliver innovative customer solutions and components that exceeds customer expectations and constantly creates value for our stakeholders. STRATEGIC SUMMERY: Since all companies started with the same initial situation we have decided to make one SWOT analysis as the part of a companys strategic planning process, to determine where we stands on four keys strategic areas. In the next periods we†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the numbers of suppliers of each component, supplier ´s control over our company, switching costs are low. We have a lot of supplier choices and we profit from this because the more we need suppliers help, the more powerful our suppliers are. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderately low. The last competitive force in five forces analysis is bargaining power of customers. Basically, there are no costs of switching from our products and services to those of someone else. In addition, the number of buyers and importance of each individual buyer to our business is high. Moreover, in a face of crisis buyers are price sensitive but at the same time they demand high quality. Thus, it might be difficult to satisfy their needs at the price level that they expect. Having the economic forecast and conducting both SWOT and Porter’s five forces model we decided to apply low price strategy with a focus on Europe and Asia-Pacific region. Period 0 and 1 Due to technical difficulties we did not receive feedback from the trial period, which is why we based our decision-making on the data provided by the economic forecast. 1.1 Ramp;D The main focus of our Ramp;D activities is Europe. We have the highest know-how and corporate image there. During period 0 and one we decided to invest more in AP and gradually decrease our investments in

Google and Internet Privacy - 717 Words

Google and Internet Privacy In this exercise on ethics and privacy policy we focus our studies on an oft occurring situation in offices that have multiple employees sharing office resources that may lead to intrusive instances. The case refers to a couple of employee’s complaints of unwarranted pop-ups on their computers from unsolicited advertisers. In particular, the ads pertain to some sorts of HIV/AIDS medications that stimulate recovery from this fatal disease or at least help cope with it. The immediate suspicion goes toward targeted marketing carried out by many online advertisers today using pervious browsing history and other such tools available to them. The employees delve about the possibility of who these ads were targeted†¦show more content†¦Despites its detailed privacy policy and the many reminders to read and understand the same, users feel compelled to agree to any and every rule that they make so as not to be left out in the information revolution that the world seems to be warped by. This is extended to the extent of the sanctity of personal emails and even our home being challenged by Google products like Google Ads in Gmail and Street view on Google maps. The argument here is based on the premise that in today’s day and age where we share much information online on sites like Google and Facebook we have to admit that there is a certain amount of privacy we hold dear that is being taken away from us through such activities as cookie tracking and preferential scanning of content and the fact that this leads to embarrassment when on public computers. The fact that Charlie was zeroed in on based on a cursory perceptive judgment speaks volumes of how little information can go a long way in ostracizing a person. Do we really believe that a loner is more prone to AIDS than a college going easy go lucky chap. Also, the ostracizing of the person blamed will evidently have repercussions. Are these necessary? Do we really need to subject a person who is already conscious of his condition (HIV positive) to further wallow in pity. Since the material found was not of a highly objectionable nature but is very questionable of its source the matter would go on to deeply hurt theShow MoreRelatedGoogle Vs. Google Privacy Policy1349 Words   |  6 PagesInternet companies like Google and others collect and store individual customer profile as a requirement to provide free services like search, webmail, web storage and social networking services. Official Google Privacy policy states: â€Å"When you use Google services, you trust us with your information.†. (Google) Google privacy policy is built on the opt-out requirement and they influence their customer to implicitly trust it with their personal data. Google claims in their mission statement that â€Å"Google’sRead MoreGoogle Street View, Freedom From Unauthorized Intrusion ( Merriam Webster, 2014 )949 Words   |  4 Pages Google Street View, and You Privacy: â€Å"freedom from unauthorized intrusion (Merriam-Webster, 2014)†. The Internet, composed of billions of interconnected nodes, allows an individual or group of individuals access to any information they desire with only a few keystrokes. Since the Internet is such an immense and powerful system, it allows those who are motivated and capable to collect, manipulate, and display any information in any form they see fit. Google in particular is a large corporationRead MoreEssay on Google: The Quest to Balance Privacy with Profits861 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Google: The Quest to Balance Privacy with Profits Miami Dade College Business Ethics Abstract Google is the most popular search engine that the world uses on an everyday basis. Sergey Brin and Larry Page created Google in 1998. What started out to be a small search engine and ranking system are now the worlds most profitable Internet companies of our time. Google has created many products today that have changed the world of technology, productsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Internet Privacy1174 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, and it’s not one that is obvious to the average internet user. Some of that sent data contains information which isn’t necessary, oftentimes it’s personal data. Your browsing habits, favorite games, most listened to music genres are being shared to advertising agencies for profit. Privacy is quickly vanishing from the internet and the repercussions to this are far more serious than you might imagine. As someone who has used the internet for all of his life, and has become relatively knowledgeableRead MoreHow the Mobile Paradigm May Affec t the Nature and Limits of Privacy1471 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation, privacy issue [1] occur due to users unknowingly expose their privacy through mobile application, camera, network etc. and their use poses a serious threat to both personal and corporate security. It greatly extending the reach of technology and raising concerns that prevailing traditions of privacy may be challenged. In order to examine how the mobile paradigm may affect the nature and limits of privacy, those natures can be carried out though three views: Accessibility Privacy, DecisionalRead More Internet Marketing Privacy Issues Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe general populations’ behavior on the Internet is strikingly different. Websites like Facebook, Twitter, and Google retain vast amounts of personal information of their users. Although this practice benefits the user as well, unrestricted profiling can be quite unnerving. Since regulation from the government may impede Internet use, and unless the threat to internet users privacy are shown to exceed the benefits, the government will not regulate the internet, rather we should educate the public howRead MoreThe Privacy Of Online Consumers And Search Engines1676 Words   |  7 Pages How come google knows where a computer user has been? Social medias and search engines have access to all the info that is deleted,saved or that p eople have in their browser and can access it at any time.Search engines like Google have all the data that people have used in their lifetime from every person in the world and all the data users think they have deleted that data is actually being saved in hard drives on the Google Headquarters. The thesis statement is that search engines are invadingRead MoreA Breach Of Childrens Online Privacy1715 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Privacy: Examining the Fourth Amendment and a Right to Privacy Regarding Mobile Apps Ina Salvaleon Berry College Citation Style: APA â€Æ' A Breach of Children’s Online Privacy: Examining the Fourth Amendment and a Right to Privacy Regarding Mobile Apps Children are more likely to be found on a technological device that can access the Internet than outside being physically active. While in many cases, they are knowledgeable online users, children are still at risk when using the Internet. TheirRead MoreThe Relationship Between Google And Our Individual Right1247 Words   |  5 PagesSummary: Following will be the analysis of the relationship between Google and our individual right to privacy. Google is constantly gathering personal information about people when they use various Google products. The extent Google is involved in our lives, as well as the methods used to gather data on individuals, is not known by most people. This report is going to take a brief look into whether Google’s practices are ethical as well as legal. Why this paper is of interest? This paper shouldRead More Privacy and The Internet: Life of Others1206 Words   |  5 PagesAs the explosion of internet social media based companies has grown the issue of privacy has been at the forefront of many people’s mind. Privately held information can easily become available to people and be negatively used due to the digital age we are in today. Two of the leading companies in social media are Google and Facebook. This case study analysis explores both Google and Facebook’s privacy policies and issue that has stemmed from it. Google and Facebook recently have taken a lot of

Lord of the Flies and Psychology Free Essays

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, narrates the story of a group of English boys as they struggle to survive on an uncharted, uninhabited island. The boy’s airplane crashes into the island and kills any adults on board — leaving the boys to fend for themselves. Ralph and Piggy meet each other first and, upon Piggy’s counsel, Ralph decides to call a meeting of all the boys by blowing on a conch shell. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies and Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The boys quickly begin to form a society in which they elect Ralph as their leader. A boy called Jack quietly disagrees and believes that he should lead the group. As times passes, Jack and his choir become hunters for the rest of the boys and they begin to enjoy the ways of a predator. As Jack grows more savage, he becomes unhappy with the way that Ralph leads the boys and decides that he will go to the other side of the island and start his own tribe. Boys slowly begin to leave Ralph to join Jack. The boys become so savage that they kill two boys and they plan to kill Ralph. Just as Jack has cornered Ralph, a naval officer appears and rescues them all. Golding depicts not only the struggle of the boys to survive, but also the psychological reasoning that leads the boys to abandon the civilized nature that they know. Through characterization and setting Golding creates in his novel, an ideal forum for validating psychological principles introduced by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist who pioneered the thought that the mind contains three different levels, the id, the ego, and the superego. The id bases itself on the pleasure principle; it meets basic needs. The id wants a quick satiation of needs and has no consideration for the reality of a situation. The ego bases itself on the reality principle, it understands that other people have needs and desires and that impulsiveness or selfishness can cause harm in the future. The ego meets the needs of the id, while taking the reality of the situation into consideration. The Superego develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on a child by influential adults in their lives. One could compare the superego to the conscience, as it dictates belief of right and wrong. Golding acknowledges these different states of consciousness within his novel by using characters to represent each one. For instance, Jack represents the id. Jack never takes into consideration the best thing for the group or himself in the long run and he holds himself accountable to no set of rules or any code of ethics. â€Å"Bollocks to the rules! We’re strong – we hunt! If there’s a beast, we’ll hunt it down! We’ll close in and beat and beat and beat† (91). Jack addresses the issue of a beast believed to inhabit the island by filling his thirst for violence and neglecting to take into consideration that confronting a beast will most likely lead to danger. Jack’s reasoning involves selfish motives; he wants to get rid of the beast, he wants to kill, he does not care that he has potentially placed the others in a dangerous situation, nor does he realize the ludicrousness of the beast, Jack has neglected reality entirely. Piggy represents the ego. He constantly tries to reason with the other boys, when he and Ralph first meet, Piggy understands that the other boys also landed on the island and someone needs to find and help them. â€Å"We got to find the others. We got to do something† (14). Piggy also realizes that the boys will most likely stay on the island for a while before someone rescues them — if someone ever rescues them at all. Piggy understands the boys while staying in touch with reality and he knows that if he does not find the smaller boys and take care of them, they will die. Piggy comprehends the seriousness of their predicament and realizes what it will take to keep everyone in order and alive. Simon represents the superego because he adheres to the principles instilled in him by society and civilization. After Jack has killed a pig for the first time, he and his clan approach while chanting, Piggy whimpers and â€Å"Simon hushed him quickly as though he had spoken too loudly in church† (69). Simon’s conscience keeps Piggy in line even when dealing with savage Jack. Towards the end of the novel, the other boys savagely murder Simon; when the boys kill Simon they also kill their conscience, they kill the rules and implications set upon them in order to keep society civilized and from this point until the boys get rescued their savage nature completely takes over and nothing holds them back any longer. Alfred Adler believed that personality difficulties are rooted in a feeling of inferiority. He also believed that people focus on maintaining control over their lives. Golding shows these ideas in his novel. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack all have issues with inferiority and control, in some way each of them feels inferior and each them strives for control. The other boys consider Piggy substandard to them because physically he is not their equal, Piggy realizes that the other boys perceive him this way and tries to make up for it with his intellect and emphasis on the rules, which leads into Piggy’s control issue he tries to use control to counter act the feeling of being out-classed. Jack always strives for superiority, from the very beginning Jack feels that he should be chief instead of Ralph. Jack crumbles underneath his need to become more superior than Ralph and decides to takes control of his situation and forms his own tribe. Jack tries to control his life by getting his way and convincing other boys to get his way as well. Ralph fears inferiority, leadership thrusts itself upon Ralph but he holds his position in very high regard. As Ralph loses support from his tribe, he loses his superiority and he begins to lose faith in himself and become more nervous. Ralph does not like the loss of control in his tribe or in his life, the signal fire and getting the boys to help him make shelters was so important to him for this reason. Adler studied various types of people and he came to the conclusion that there are the four main types of people: The ruling type that tries to control others, the getting type that tends to go along with others ideas, the avoiding type that tries to isolate themselves to avoid defeat, the socially useful type that values having control over their lives and strive to do good things for the sake of society. Jack represents the ruling type with his demand that the boys do as he says â€Å"‘go on’ the two savages looked at each other, raised their spears together and spoke in time. ‘The chief has spoken’ â€Å"(141). Jack thrives off of ruling and absolute power. Sam and Eric fit into the category of the getting type, they tend to go along with and do what others tell them to do. Whenever Ralph is their chief they listen to him and go along with what he says, and then when Jack captures them and takes them to his tribe they adhere to his code and do what he says. Sam and Eric follow — they do not contribute to creative thought but they willingly take part in its aftermath. Simon represents the avoiding type, he largely keeps to himself, and he goes and finds a secret place where he can sit alone in the quiet with his thoughts. Ralph represents the socially useful type, he likes to have control of the boys but, unlike Jack he wants them to do things for the betterment of the group. Adler’s ideas come to life in Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Psychologist Carl Jung believed that symbol creation was a key in understanding human nature. Symbols express something essentially unknown in the best way possible. The boys in Lord of the Flies create a symbol for their fear, at times the boys feel afraid and they cannot exactly express why. The boys create the symbol of the beast because they cannot touch or see their fear and so they imagine a beast that they could touch and see. Whenever Simon recognizes that the thing to fear lies within the boys he also creates a symbol, the Lord of the flies. Jung also believed that the introvert and the extrovert make up the main components of personality. The introvert, like Simon, tends to keep to themselves, and find more interest in ideas than in people. â€Å"Simon paused. He looked over his shoulder as jack had done at the close ways behind him and glanced quickly around to confirm that he was utterly alone† (56). The extrovert however, is outgoing and socially oriented. Both Jack and Piggy fit the description of extroverts because, they both freely express their ideas and long for others to hear and admire them. According to Jung a person that has a healthy personality can realize these opposite tendencies and can express each. Ralph most closely adheres to Jung’s theory about healthy personality. Ralph has a need for socialization but, he also knows when he needs time for reflection and thought, many times Ralph wishes that he had time to gather his thoughts before he had to go and present them in front of the rest of the tribe. When reading Lord of the Flies some readers may miss the latent meaning and only focus on the manifest. Readers who do not take in deeper psychological nature of the novel would attribute the boy’s different reaction to the island, to differences in personality and background instead of the boys taking on the image of the different levels of consciousness. This reader might think that they could not keep order simply because they are just young boys when their real motives were their subconscious need for superiority. The entire novel deals with the psychological principles set forth by Freud, Adler, and Jung; it could be considered a case study that verifies the very things that these psychologists believed. How to cite Lord of the Flies and Psychology, Papers

Japan and China free essay sample

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, westerners were heavily industrializing and practicing imperialism, and since both China and Japan wanted to retain their cultures and traditions, they figured the best way to do so was to instate policies restricting trade with foreigners. For hundreds of years, both societies were isolated and only concerned themselves with internal issues and developments, so once westerners began to try and imperialize eastern Asia, they in turn began to block off their nation to preserve their cultures and protect themselves from threat of the west. China started to become addicted to drugs, due to the opium being sold to them for silver by the British, not only were they illegally trading being foreigners, but they were taking China’s silver so that they could become more wealthy, meanwhile Japan had a dirt poor and starving population full of destitution, and the Europeans were trying to come in to stimulate the economy, but mostly to their own benefit and profit. Both of these intrusions into Japan and China caused the government to restrict their population from trading with the Europeans and Americans so that they would not lose their own heritage and traditions to adapt to the ways of the westerners. As the nineteenth century went on, westerners continued to penetrate and attack Japan and China with the intentions to imperialize these regions and make them another region they could exploit in order to make a larger profit with little to no cost. The British went into China, and with their military attacked the Grand Canal making them vulnerable and forced them to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, giving them extraterritorial status, ceding Hong Kong to the British, opening up five new ports to Britain, and giving Britain most-favored-nation status. Much like in Japan when Matthew Perry of the United States came in and insisted in having Japan open up its ports to diplomatic and commercial relations with the US, and since the shogun felt he had no other option, he complied with Perry’s order. As the westerners had their way with both east Asian nations, the threat of western industrialization became a reality, and due to the amount of hunger and economic depression in their societies, their people began to crave industrialization seeing the amount of success in the western societies that were industrialized. There began to be an increased amount of rebellion, and a fight for change in these two nations, but the results that came from these rebellions and the main argument for these rebellions differed. Once these societies were flowing with western influence and ideas in their societies, the people of China and Japan began to try and adopt to these ideas and become big industrial societies as well. In China, these ideas were supported by the people although their government tried to diminish these ideas, while in Japan, the government felt that they had no other choice but to reform, so they began to embrace western development. In Japan the reforms made after the Tokugawa rebellion were the restoration of the emperor, the use of a constitutional government, the removal of the daimyo, the fixing of the money tax, and the beginning of the study of western civilization. Japan realized they needed a powerful economy and worked to become the power in the east asian region with the aid and the permission of their government, while China on the other hand, could have headed in the same direction if they weren’t sabotaged by their own government. While the majority of the Chinese population was fighting for change and looking for new ways to boost their dying economy due to poverty, drug addictions, and hunger, the government wanted to retain their Confucian values and stay away from western influence. Therefore, reformers promoted their ideas for reform to those against it by saying that we can have confucianism and industrialism, in that we practice chinese traditions for ourselves although we use western ideas to stay powerful and successful. However after the Taiping rebellion, the self strengthening movement, and the hundred days reform, Emperor Xianfeng and Empress Cixi still did not believe in industrializing China, so she stopped all reforms and blew all the government funds that could have been used for the reform on luxury items, just to demonstrate their power and the fact that they were not going to change China. In these two regions, their decisions either towards industrialism or away from it would affect their global position in the future. During the nineteenth century, in the the two east asian regions of China and Japan, westerners felt the need to penetrate their societies in order to improve their own economies, causing both the Japanese and the Chinese to try and enforce foreign policy laws restricting access to their lands, and therefore restricting their ability to influence their societies. Then once they were penetrated by the westerners and forced to open their lands to foreigners who weakened their power and tried to push industrialism on them, they reacted very differently. Although both of their economies were in bad shape and their people wanted reform, their governments held highly different opinions on how to act. Japan’s people and their government felt it was best to reform their society, conform to western ways, and become both an industrial and imperialistic society, while China’s government held the view that they needed to retain Chinese tradition and culture, which they believed could not be done with industrialism supporting their society, so there were constant rebellions by the people who were suffering and who wanted change.